Entrepreneurship: Unlocking job oppotunities in Kenya.

By: John Muchiri

In the African culture a youth is a blessing to both his community and the world. In this context, then kenya by all measure is a rich country. Going by the 2009 census results 65% of kenyans are aged between 18 -35 years, translating to 26million people, with 65%-80% of this age bracket been either unemployed or under employed.
They work in low paid, insecure jobs and are the representation of the face of poverty that rocks our nation's fabrics.
Unemployment is pushing youths to social vices like crime and prostitution. The recent negative waves of crime in kenya are the spiral effects of unemployment.
This statistics should be an eye opener to us as a nation; we need to reconsider our priorities and direct resources where it is crucial.
The focus should shift from economic growth figures to impact of economic growth on the welfare of kenyan citizens.
Economic growth should translate to socio-economic empowerment of citizens of Kenya. I commend the initiative been undertaken by the government to encourage youth owned businesses.
I strongly believe that entrepreneurship in Kenya has never been more important than it is today; when we are faced with high unemployment rate among the youths. Entrepreneurship provides a way forward for solving the unemployment challenge, building sustainable development, creating jobs, and generating renewed motivation needed to achieve vision 2030.
Why do entrepreneurship matter? Lets go back to the 2007-2009 global financial crisis. It is evident that developed nations have identified SMEs as the engine room for economic development for the next decade.
I was reading the July 11, 2013 Daily nation 'money' pull-out and the interventions set out by the government to promote youth and women- owned businesses caught my attention.
The steps that the government is taking are in the right direction but more need to be done. Financing remains the greatest challenge facing entrepreneurs. The government need to increase the youth fund by fourfolds and educate the youths of the need to embrace entrepreneural culture.
Through entrepreneurship youths will be turned from job seekers to job creators. With proper incubation these youth owned businesses will be sources of employment.
Proper legislations will see the government revenue streams expanded. In Kenya informal sector employs 80% of the workforce. If the government implements a framework within which these SMEs operate, it can earn more revenue from taxes and registration and licensing.

Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) - 20 Share Index and Nairobi Securities Exchange(NSE) All Share Index.

By john muchiri.

A stock market index is a measure of change over time in the stock markets using numbers or points and is usually considered to be representative of the market as a whole.
Stock market index should be read as the percentage change in its numerical value as opposed to absolute numerical value.
Example;
If  E.A cables shares were previously trading at Kshs 14.40 per share and last traded at Kshs 15.33 per share,then  this is a +6.60% change.

NSE-20 Share index
NSE -20 share index tracks only the highest market capitalization companies drawn from different industries listed in Kenya.
Stock markets indices work by combining the values of the stocks within their scope and then expressing the total value of the stock against a predetermined base value.
The value of stocks captured within a particular index can be measured in terms of their price weighted indices or their market capitalization.
The NSE -20 Share index is a price weighted index. Price weighted index is determined by adding all the share prices of the stocks captured within the index and then dividing the total by the number of shares.

Nairobi Securities Exchange All share index (NASI).
NSE All share index was introduced in january 2008 with a base value value of 100, to allow comprehensive dissemination of information to investors.This is  because NSE ALL share index gives a more comprehensive picture of the market than the NSE- 20 share index as it takes into consideration all the listed companies.
NSE All share index is a market capitalization weighted index consisting  of all the securities  on the Nairobi Securities Exchange(NSE).
NSE ALL share index incorporates all listed companies irrespective of their performance and their time of listing. It reflects the total value of all listed companies at the NSE.

Animation: The next big thing in advertising.

By john muchiri.

You have noticed the rate at which businesses are embracing animated adverts lately. From faiba advert to the safaricom sambaza bundle advert. Why are animated adverts so compelling? Animation has the power to give life to a concept: few marketers exploit it to deliver quality marketing campaign that stays in the minds of the customers. It brings the power of imagination and creativity to your marketing. It gives you the power to demonstrate your products to your clients in a better way than the conventional photography can.
Animation can act as a tool of creating a strong brand by creating a character that will be associated with your brand. For example, when you see the 'faiba cartoon' you will be reminded of jamii Telecommunications Ltd. Animated characters in an advert engages the attention of the viewers, then an association between the character and the product is created in their minds.
Whether you are hiring an expert to make your video or you are tackling it yourself. There are certain factors that you need to put into consideration:-

1#. Flexibility.
While making an animated adverts it is easier to make last- minute changes than live action adverts. This is due to the fact that there are no actors who are needed to re-do the script.
2#. Cost.
In many live action ads where celebs are used, cost incurred is generally high. For animated ads there are no actors just the ' voice-over talent' is needed, this brings down the cost incurred.
3#. Time.
Animation can take longer time to produce as it involves developing a concept and giving the concept life. It can take upto several months.
4#. Target audience.
In marketing the target market is everything. If you are able to know your target market and reach them with the right message: you will win their attetion.
5#. Ability to appeal.
The impression created by a marketing campaign should be considered while deciding whether to use live action or animation.

You can write your comments or post a question. Thank you.

Microfinance: Strategy and Business Development

“ Microfinance “ refers to the
provision of financial services such
as loans and savings to small and
medium sized entrepreneurs and
businesses that lack access to banking and related services due to the high transaction costs associated with them.
In other contexts, it could
also include the provision of insurance and training to the same.These services could be drawn through relationship based
banking or group based models, with the latter being more common in East Africa.
Microfinance is certainly a good
investment in a region that is still
developing so long as it is executed properly.
The purpose of this article is to
guide entrepreneurs interested in
investing in microfinance. The
market is immensely large among
the newly employed, middle and lower income borrowers and the
unbanked. Women’s groups or ‘chamas’ are also becoming increasingly becoming popular.
The economic market condition is
in expansion. The projected
business scale is among several of similar or mostly larger scale and there is low failure rate in the industry. Most microfinance companies scale up and become banks within 7 to 20 years.
Execution
1#. The Financing
When thinking about starting a microfinance company, you need to acquire seed funding first.  You may need about half a million shillings and above depending on your target market and your projected financials. Some questions you could ask yourself at this point are:
- How many groups or
individuals are you targeting?
- How much would you be
willing to offer to each individual
or group?
- What is the maximum
amount that you are willing to
offer?
- What is the creditworthiness
and therefore risk of the individual
or group you are dealing with?
- How much interest rate are
you going to offer to your clients?
2#. Secondly you need to register
your company under the Registrar
of Companies. This will cost about
Kshs 20,000.
3#. You also need office space at a
location where your clients will be
able to reach you conveniently.
Basic office furniture and
stationery may be needed. You may however start with a small
‘warehouse’ for keeping the items you need as collateral.
3#. You may develop an online
presence by developing a website
and placing the company name and contact information with online directories.
Website development may cost
between Kshs 12,000 to 20,000.
This step isoptionalbut has been
found to be very useful.
4#. Embark on a vigorous and
extensive marketing campaign for
the target market involving the use of pamphlets, posters, newspaper advertising and
the word of mouth.
5#. There are short term loans,
payday loans and generally loans
offered for different items. Where you are safeguarding items as collateral, offer
a loan that is about 30 to 50
percent of the value of the item
taken as collateral. Items taken as
collateral should have a resale
value- a receipt is often a good indicator.
The recipient of the loan has to consent the loan received and the ‘financier’ has a right to retain the item upon defaulting of the recipient.
All these should be indicated in
writing in a document that is legally admissible in a court of law.
6#. Depending on the amount you
are offering, you may need to
carry out a valuation of the prospective clients assets to determine their creditworthiness. This happens when you are dealing with large amounts
for which you cannot take items
as collateral. You may charge an
assessment fee.
Remember that you or more or less a bank; you are doing this to reduce risk and avoid bad debts. A higher interest rate is often
used to compensate this higher
risk (within legal limits of course).
Remember that you have to
comply with all state, usury lending and credit laws.
To register a company it costs Kshs
20,000,Launch a website Kshs 20,000,Basic Office Stationery
Kshs 20,000,Small Office/Warehouse rent p.m Kshs 25,000
Salesmanship and advertising
(including talk time, MPESA costs
and allowances) Kshs10,000.
Use an optimum interest rate of 10 to 15 percent per 2 weeks to a
month.
Reinvest part of the profit into the
business to increase the capital
base of the business so as to help the business grow faster.

By Eric Rono
Graduate of the University of Nairobi
Eric Aloysius Finance Group
ronkibbz@gmail.com

Personal financial planning

Most people develop a pattern of financial behavior through trial and error. Although they maintain financial records, often the records are poorly organized and difficult to locate.  Decisions  that are based on these records are flawed, as they do not reflect true financial position of the individual.
Financial planning is the process of developing and implementing a coordinated series of financial plans to achieve financial success.

Benefits of financial planning.
1#. Enables an individual to undertake a self assessment of his financial picture; i.e. understand his cashflow, net-worth, investments e.t.c
2#. Financial planning helps one to attain financial empowerment through increased financial intelligence.
3#. An individual can align financial  goals with life goals.
4#. Gives a clear and realistic financial roadmap to financial independence.
5#. Financial planning can help an individual live a debt free life if properly executed.

Components of a successful personal financial planning.

1#. Specific individual values.
Every person is unique in his on way; people holds different values in life. Financial planning grow out of this values.

2#. Financial goals.
Personal financial  goals should be specific, and realistic in terms of amount of money and time bound. These goals should be consistent with the individual values.

3#. Informed projections about the economy.
While planning its adviceble to consider economic factors such as inflation rate, interest rates e.t.c. 

4#. Consistency.
Financial planning should be consistent and logical. These are predetermined actions in specific situations.

By John Muchiri.

Innovation and business

Innovation is the appilication of the solutions that meet new requirments or existing needs through products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas. All innovation begins with a creative idea: innovation takes that idea, puts it to work.
Innovation in businesses is only beneficial if it has a practical appilication. Innovations in businesses need to be based on the needs of customers if they are to have any use. One of the most common reason as to why businesses fail is lack of viable market i.e. insufficient customers.
Entrepreneurs need to focus on the 'market-based' approach while developing products/ services. It creates the impression that the business is concerned with the needs of its customers.
There is a widely held notion that innovation concerns significant change or a novel concept. This is not necessarily so: innovation can be little repackaging of a product/ service through identifying problems and solving them.
SMEs play a major role in innovating new products, services, and processes. Smaller firms can take up new innovations that are less costly;this flexibility is made possible by the fact that they are small in size.
As an entrepreneur one can capitalize on innovation as a way of having competitive advantage, when price war is not an option. Successful innovation can be a key driver of a firm's revenue: a successful innovation is one that has the customer at its core. Customers' complaints and suggestions can be a source of innovation if viewed positively by businesses.

By John Muchiri.

Investing in Treasury bonds in kenya.

Treasury bonds are fixed income securities.i.e. have a fixed and predetermined rate of return. They are issued by the government through the central bank of Kenya, and have a maturity period of more than 1 year.
Treasury bonds are debts instruments requiring the government to repay the investors the amount borrowed plus interest over an agreed period of time.
There are different types of treasury bonds depending on the purpose, interest rate structure, maturity structure, etc.
The following are treasury bonds issued by the Kenyan government.

Fixed coupon treasury bonds.
Coupon is interest that the issuer (government)  pays each year; normally semi-annually on the face value of the bond.
The minimum investible amount is Kshs 50,000 and can be invested in multiples of Kshs 50,000.

Infrastructure bonds.
Issued to raise funds for specific projects normally stated in the prospectus.

Zero coupon bonds.
They do not have a fixed interest and investor's return is only the discount amount. They are mostly short term and are taken up by commercial banks.

Who can invest in treasury bonds in kenya?
#1. Individuals or corporates holding accounts with a local commercial bank.

#2. Individuals or corporates who do not hold account with commercial banks but invest as a nominee of a commercial bank or investment bank in kenya.

#3. Individuals or corporates holding central depository system (CDS) account with central  bank of Kenya, with minimum face value of Kshs 50,000 except for infrastructure bonds where minimum investible amount is Kshs 100,000.